Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your October 1 shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the October 1 offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of October 1 at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a October 1? Wrong! If the October 1 is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about October 1 then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling October 1? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about October 1 and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your October 1 wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your October 1 then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the October 1 site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about October 1, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your October 1, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

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Events

• 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
• 911 - During a siege in Constantinople, the Theotokos appeared at the church in Blachernae holding her veil over the praying faithful, among them St. Andrew of Constantinople.
• 959 - Edgar of England becomes king of all England.
• 1189 - Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar since 1184, is killed in the Siege of Acre.
• 1787 - Russians under Suvorov defeat the Turks Battle of Kinburn (1787).
• 1788 - Nguyen Hue declares himself emperor of Vietnam.
• 1791 - First session of the France Legislative Assembly (France).
• 1795 - Belgium is conquered by France.
• 1800 - Spain cedes Louisiana (New France) to France via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso.
• 1811 - The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orléans, Louisiana.
• 1814 - Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoléon the previous spring.
• 1827 - The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia.
• 1829 - South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; later to separate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.
• 1843 - News of the World began publication in London.
• 1847 - Germany inventor and industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
• 1854 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
• 1869 - Austria issues the world's first postcards.
• 1880 - John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Corps Band.
• 1880 - First electric lamp factory opened by Thomas Edison.
• 1885 - United States begins special-delivery mail service.
• 1886 - The U.S. mint in Carson City, Nevada, closes.
• 1887 - Balochistan (region) conquered by the British Empire.
• 1890 - The Yosemite National Park is established by the Congress of the United States.
• 1891 - In the U.S. state of California, Stanford University opens its doors.
• 1894 - First meeting of The Owl Club of Cape Town.
• 1898 - Czar Nicholas II of Russia expels Jews from major Russian cities.
• 1898 - The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
• 1903 - Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
• 1905 - František Pavlík is killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leoš Janáček to the piano composition 1. X. 1905.
• 1908 - Ford Motor Company puts the Ford Model T car on the market at a price of US$825.
• 1910 - Los Angeles Times bombing: A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21.
• 1918 - World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (a/k/a "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
• 1920 - Percy Zachariah Cox landed in Basra to assume his responsibilities as high commissioner in Iraq.
• 1926 - An oil field accident cost aviator Wiley Post his left eye, but he used the settlement money to buy his first aircraft.
• 1926 - Arirang premiers in Seoul.
• 1928 - The Soviet Union introduces its First Five-Year Plan.
• 1931 - The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
• 1931 - The second (and current) Waldorf-Astoria Hotel is opened in New York.
• 1936 - Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
• 1938 - Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
• 1939 - After a one-month Siege of Warsaw, hostile forces entered the city.
• 1940 - The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.
• 1942 - USS Grouper (SS-214) torpedoes Lisbon Maru not knowing she was carrying British prisoner of war from Hong Kong
• 1942 - First flight of the Bell Aircraft XP-59 "Aircomet".
• 1943 - World War II: Naples falls to Allies soldiers.
• 1946 - Nazism leaders sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.
• 1947 - The F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.
• 1949 - The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong.
• 1957 - First appearance of "In God We Trust" on U.S. paper currency.
• 1958 - NASA created to replace National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
• 1960 - Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1961 - East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon.
• 1964 - The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
• 1964 - Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
• 1965 - Apostasia of 1965, a political move in Greece designed to overthrow the Prime Minister, George Papandreou (senior).
• 1965 - General Suharto crushes an attempted coup d'état in Indonesia.
• 1968 - The Guyana government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
• 1969 - The Concorde supersonic transport plane breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
• 1971 - Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1975 - The Seychelles gain internal self-government. The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.
• 1975 - Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
• 1978 - Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1978 - The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
• 1979 - The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama.
• 1982 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
• 1982 - EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1982 - Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101).
• 1985 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
• 1987 - The Whittier Narrows earthquake shook the San Gabriel Valley, registering as a Richter scale 5.9.
• 1989 - Denmark: World's first legal modern same-sex civil union called "registered partnership"
• 1992 - National Council of the Slovak Republic is arose
• 1994 - Palau gains independence from the United Nations trusteeship administered by the United States of America.
• 1998 - Vladimir Putin became a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
• 2004 - Baseball: Seattle Mariners outfielder Ichiro Suzuki makes his 258th hit of the season, breaking George Sisler's 84-year-old single-season record.
• 2005 - 2005 Bali bombing kills 23 people in Bali.
• 2006 - Age discrimination in employment is made illegal in the United Kingdom.

Births

• 1207 - King Henry III of England (d. 1272)
• 1507 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)
• 1540 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss Protestant clergyman (d. 1617)
• 1577 - Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Swiss friar, martyr, and saint (d. 1622)
• 1620 - Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683)
• 1644 - Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682)
• 1671 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1685 - Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
• 1691 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768)
• 1730 - Richard Stockton (1730-1781), American attorney, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1781)
• 1760 - William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844)
• 1771 - Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (d. 1842)
• 1791 - Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859)
• 1800 - Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish-born botanist and founder of Laestadianism (d. 1861)
• 1835 - Ádám Politzer, Austrian physician (d. 1920)
• 1842 - Charles Cros, French poet and inventor (d. 1888)
• 1865 - Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
• 1881 - William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956)
• 1885 - Louis Untermeyer, American author (d. 1977)
• 1878 - Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950)
• 1890 - Stanley Holloway, British actor (d. 1982)
• 1896 - Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1951)
• 1896 - Ted Healy, American actor and comedian (d. 1937)
• 1899 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
• 1900 - Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
• 1903 - Vladimir Horowitz, Ukrainian-American pianist (d. 1989)
• 1904 - Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-born physicist (d. 1979)
• 1904 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian communist leader (d. 1977)
• 1909 - Maurice Bardèche, French fascist, (d. 1998)
• 1909 - Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles (d. 1998)
• 1910 - Fritz Köberle, Austrian-born physician (d. 1983)
• 1910 - José Enrique Moyal, Australian mathematical physicist (d. 1998)
• 1910 - Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (d. 1934)
• 1914 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
• 1920 - Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1921 - James Whitmore, American actor
• 1924 - Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1924 - William Rehnquist, 16th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005)
• 1925 - Bob Boyd (baseball player), American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1926 - Roger Williams (pianist), American pianist
• 1927 - Tom Bosley, American actor
• 1928 - Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (d. 1973)
• 1928 - George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1928 - Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (d. 1969)
• 1930 - Frank Gardner, Australian racing driver
• 1930 - Sir Richard Harris (actor), Irish actor (d. 2002)
• 1930 - Naimatullah Khan, Pakistani politician
• 1930 - Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006)
• 1931 - Sylvano Bussotti, Italian composer
• 1932 - Albert Collins, American guitarist (d. 1993)
• 1935 - Dame Julie Andrews, British actress and singer
• 1936 - Duncan Edwards, English footballer (d. 1958)
• 1936 - Stella Stevens, American actress
• 1939 - George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005)
• 1942 - Jean-Pierre Jabouille, French race car driver
• 1943 - Jean-Jacques Annaud, French film director
• 1943 - Angèle Arsenault, Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1943 - Jerry Martini, American saxophonist (Sly & the Family Stone)
• 1945 - Rod Carew, Panamanian-born baseball player
• 1945 - Donny Hathaway, American soul musician and composer (d. 1979)
• 1945 - Ellen McIlwaine, American singer/songwriter
• 1945 - Vladimir Sabich, American skier (d. 1976)
• 1946 - Tim O'Brien, American writer
• 1947 - Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist
• 1947 - Stephen Collins, American actor
• 1947 - Adriano Tilgher, Italian politician
• 1947 - Mariska Veres American singer (Shocking Blue) (d. 2006)
• 1948 - Cub Koda, American singer (Brownsville Station (band)) (d. 2000)
• 1949 - Isaac Bonewits, American author
• 1950 - Randy Quaid, American actor
• 1950 - Jeane Manson, American singer and actress
• 1952 - Jacques Martin (ice hockey), Canadian ice hockey coach and executive
• 1953 - John Hegley, British poet
• 1953 - Pete Falcone, American baseball player
• 1953 - Grete Waitz, Norwegian athlete
• 1954 - Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer
• 1955 - Duško Tadić, Bosnian Serb
• 1956 - Theresa May, British politician
• 1957 - Stelios Mainas, Greek actor
• 1958 - Masato Nakamura, Japanese musician
• 1959 - Youssou N'Dour, Senegalese singer
• 1961 - Gary Ablett, Australian rules footballer
• 1961 - Robert Rey, Brazilian-American plastic surgeon and television personality
• 1962 - Esai Morales, American actor
• 1963 - Jean-Denis Délétraz, Swiss race car driver
• 1963 - Mark McGwire, American baseball player
• 1964 - Harry Hill, British comedian
• 1964 - Max Matsuura, Japanese record producer
• 1964 - Jonathan Sarfati, Australian-born chess player, scientist, and author
• 1965 - Andreas Keller, German field hockey player
• 1965 - Cindy Margolis, American model and spokesmodel
• 1965 - Cliff Ronning, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 - Christopher Titus, American actor/comedian
• 1966 - George Weah, Liberian politician and footballer
• 1966 - José Ángel Ziganda, Spanish footballer
• 1967 - Scott Young (ice hockey), American ice hockey player
• 1967 - Mike Pringle (football player), American football player
• 1968 - Jon Guenther, American author
• 1968 - Rob Collard, British racing driver
• 1969 - Igor Ulanov, Russian hockey player
• 1969 - Ori Kaplan, Israeli jazz musician
• 1970 - Gam Wu-seong, South Korean actor
• 1970 - Simon Davey, Barnsley F.C. football manager
• 1970 - Alexei Zhamnov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 - Andrew O'Keefe, Australian television personality
• 1973 - Jana Henke, German swimmer
• 1973 - Rachid Chékhémani, French runner
• 1973 - John Thomson (pitcher), American baseball player
• 1974 - Mats Lindgren, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1974 - Keith Duffy, Irish singer (Boyzone) and actor
• 1975 - Chulpan Khamatova, Russian actress
• 1976 - Antonio Roybal, American painter and sculptor
• 1976 - Denis Gauthier, Canadian hockey player
• 1976 - Dora Venter, Hungarian pornographic film actress
• 1976 - Ümit Karan, Turkish footballer
• 1977 - Jeffrey van Hooydonk, Belgian race car driver
• 1978 - Andrew JC Jackson, Australian surf lifesaver
• 1978 - Leticia Cline, American model and TV Personality
• 1979 - Cameron Bruce, Australian rules footballer
• 1979 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
• 1979 - Gilberto Martínez, Costa Rican footballer
• 1979 - Marko Stanojevic, English-born Italian rugby union footballer
• 1981 - Júlio Baptista, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 - Johnny Oduya, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1981 - Arnau Riera, Spanish footballer
• 1982 - Haruna Babangida, Nigerian footballer
• 1982 - Sandra Oxenryd, Swedish singer
• 1983 - Mirko Vučinić, Montenegrin footballer
• 1984 - Matt Cain, American baseball player
• 1984 - Daniel Guillén Ruiz, Spanish footballer
• 1985 - Ryo Miyamori, Japanese singer
• 1986 - Jurnee Smollett, American actress
• 1986 - Sayaka Kanda, Japanese singer
• 1986 - Ricardo Vaz Té, Portuguese footballer

Deaths

• 959 - King Edwy of England
• 1040 - Alan III, Duke of Brittany (poisoned) (b. 997)
• 1189 - Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar
• 1310 - Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)
• 1404 - Pope Boniface IX (b. 1356)
• 1499 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
• 1500 - John Alcock (bishop), English Catholic bishop
• 1567 - Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508)
• 1570 - Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)
• 1574 - Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen, Dutch painter (b. 1498)
• 1578 - Don John of Austria, military leader (b. 1547)
• 1588 - Edward James (martyr), Catholic martyr
• 1609 - Gianmatteo Asola, Italian composer
• 1684 - Pierre Corneille, French author (b. 1606)
• 1693 - Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
• 1708 - John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
• 1768 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (b. 1687)
• 1837 - Robert Clark (US politician), American politician (b. 1777)
• 1838 - Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (b. 1768)
• 1864 - Rose Greenhow, American Confederate spy (b. 1817)
• 1876 - James Lick, California land baron (b. 1796)
• 1901 - Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan amir
• 1913 - Eugene O'Keefe, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1827)
• 1929 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861)
• 1955 - Charles Christie, American film studio owner (b. 1880)
• 1958 - Robert Falk, Russian painter (b. 1886)
• 1970 - Raoul Riganti, Argentine racing driver (b. 1893)
• 1974 - Spyridon Marinatos, Greek archaeologist (b. 1901)
• 1975 - Al Jackson, American drummer (Booker T. & the M.G.'s) (b. 1935)
• 1984 - Walter Alston, American baseball player and manager (b. 1911)
• 1985 - E. B. White, American author (b. 1899)
• 1988 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (b. 1897)
• 1990 - Curtis LeMay, American Air Force general (b. 1906)
• 1992 - Petra Kelly, German politician (b. 1947)
• 1994 - Paul Lorenzen, German philosopher (b. 1915)
• 1996 - Pat McGeown, Provisional Irish Republican Army member (b. 1956)
• 1997 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (b. 1923)
• 1998 - Pauline Julien, French Canadian singer (b. 1928)
• 2000 - Robert Allen (musicwriter), American pianist and songwriter (b. 1928)
• 2000 - Reginald Kray, British gangster (b. 1933)
• 2001 - Guy Beaulne, French Canadian actor and theatre director (b. 1921)
• 2002 - Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (b. 1908)
• 2004 - Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2004 - Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (b. 1946)
• 2006 - Jerald Tanner, American religious activist (b. 1938)
• 2006 - André Viger, French Canadian wheelchair marathoner (b. 1952)
• 2007 - Chris Mainwaring, Australian rules footballer (b. 1965)
• 2007 - Harry Lee, Sheriff of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (b. 1932)
• 2007 - Al Oerter, American athlete (b. 1936)
• 2007 - Ned Sherrin, English broadcaster, author and stage director (b. 1931)

Holidays and observances

• National Day of the People's Republic of China (1949)
• Holidays in Cyprus - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• Holidays in Nigeria - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• San Marino - two Captains Regent, elected by parliament, take office for six months.
• Tuvalu - Independence Day (from Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), 1975)
• French Republican Calendar - Barrel Day, tenth day in the Vendémiaire
• World Vegetarian Day
• Singapore - Children's Day
• World Health Organization - World Hepatitis Awareness Day
• Armenia - Teachers' Day
• Calendar of Saints - Feast days of Saint Thérèse de Lisieux; formerly of Saint Bavo, Saint Remigius and the Edward James (martyr)
• Also see October 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church - Patronage/Protection of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary, Mother of God) dating to 10th Century Constantinople, when she appeared holding her mantle over the faithful who were praying in a church during a military attack on the city. Second oldest Marian Feast in the Eastern Church.
• Abai (martyr) in the Syrian Church
• Abhai the general in the Syrian church

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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Events

• 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
• 911 - During a siege in Constantinople, the Theotokos appeared at the church in Blachernae holding her veil over the praying faithful, among them St. Andrew of Constantinople.
• 959 - Edgar of England becomes king of all England.
• 1189 - Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar since 1184, is killed in the Siege of Acre.
• 1787 - Russians under Suvorov defeat the Turks Battle of Kinburn (1787).
• 1788 - Nguyen Hue declares himself emperor of Vietnam.
• 1791 - First session of the France Legislative Assembly (France).
• 1795 - Belgium is conquered by France.
• 1800 - Spain cedes Louisiana (New France) to France via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso.
• 1811 - The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orléans, Louisiana.
• 1814 - Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoléon the previous spring.
• 1827 - The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia.
• 1829 - South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; later to separate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.
• 1843 - News of the World began publication in London.
• 1847 - Germany inventor and industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
• 1854 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
• 1869 - Austria issues the world's first postcards.
• 1880 - John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Corps Band.
• 1880 - First electric lamp factory opened by Thomas Edison.
• 1885 - United States begins special-delivery mail service.
• 1886 - The U.S. mint in Carson City, Nevada, closes.
• 1887 - Balochistan (region) conquered by the British Empire.
• 1890 - The Yosemite National Park is established by the Congress of the United States.
• 1891 - In the U.S. state of California, Stanford University opens its doors.
• 1894 - First meeting of The Owl Club of Cape Town.
• 1898 - Czar Nicholas II of Russia expels Jews from major Russian cities.
• 1898 - The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
• 1903 - Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
• 1905 - František Pavlík is killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leoš Janáček to the piano composition 1. X. 1905.
• 1908 - Ford Motor Company puts the Ford Model T car on the market at a price of US$825.
• 1910 - Los Angeles Times bombing: A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21.
• 1918 - World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (a/k/a "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
• 1920 - Percy Zachariah Cox landed in Basra to assume his responsibilities as high commissioner in Iraq.
• 1926 - An oil field accident cost aviator Wiley Post his left eye, but he used the settlement money to buy his first aircraft.
• 1926 - Arirang premiers in Seoul.
• 1928 - The Soviet Union introduces its First Five-Year Plan.
• 1931 - The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
• 1931 - The second (and current) Waldorf-Astoria Hotel is opened in New York.
• 1936 - Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
• 1938 - Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
• 1939 - After a one-month Siege of Warsaw, hostile forces entered the city.
• 1940 - The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.
• 1942 - USS Grouper (SS-214) torpedoes Lisbon Maru not knowing she was carrying British prisoner of war from Hong Kong
• 1942 - First flight of the Bell Aircraft XP-59 "Aircomet".
• 1943 - World War II: Naples falls to Allies soldiers.
• 1946 - Nazism leaders sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.
• 1947 - The F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.
• 1949 - The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong.
• 1957 - First appearance of "In God We Trust" on U.S. paper currency.
• 1958 - NASA created to replace National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
• 1960 - Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1961 - East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon.
• 1964 - The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
• 1964 - Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
• 1965 - Apostasia of 1965, a political move in Greece designed to overthrow the Prime Minister, George Papandreou (senior).
• 1965 - General Suharto crushes an attempted coup d'état in Indonesia.
• 1968 - The Guyana government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
• 1969 - The Concorde supersonic transport plane breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
• 1971 - Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1975 - The Seychelles gain internal self-government. The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.
• 1975 - Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
• 1978 - Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1978 - The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
• 1979 - The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama.
• 1982 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
• 1982 - EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1982 - Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101).
• 1985 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
• 1987 - The Whittier Narrows earthquake shook the San Gabriel Valley, registering as a Richter scale 5.9.
• 1989 - Denmark: World's first legal modern same-sex civil union called "registered partnership"
• 1992 - National Council of the Slovak Republic is arose
• 1994 - Palau gains independence from the United Nations trusteeship administered by the United States of America.
• 1998 - Vladimir Putin became a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
• 2004 - Baseball: Seattle Mariners outfielder Ichiro Suzuki makes his 258th hit of the season, breaking George Sisler's 84-year-old single-season record.
• 2005 - 2005 Bali bombing kills 23 people in Bali.
• 2006 - Age discrimination in employment is made illegal in the United Kingdom.

Births

• 1207 - King Henry III of England (d. 1272)
• 1507 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)
• 1540 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss Protestant clergyman (d. 1617)
• 1577 - Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Swiss friar, martyr, and saint (d. 1622)
• 1620 - Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683)
• 1644 - Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682)
• 1671 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1685 - Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
• 1691 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768)
• 1730 - Richard Stockton (1730-1781), American attorney, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1781)
• 1760 - William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844)
• 1771 - Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (d. 1842)
• 1791 - Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859)
• 1800 - Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish-born botanist and founder of Laestadianism (d. 1861)
• 1835 - Ádám Politzer, Austrian physician (d. 1920)
• 1842 - Charles Cros, French poet and inventor (d. 1888)
• 1865 - Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
• 1881 - William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956)
• 1885 - Louis Untermeyer, American author (d. 1977)
• 1878 - Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950)
• 1890 - Stanley Holloway, British actor (d. 1982)
• 1896 - Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1951)
• 1896 - Ted Healy, American actor and comedian (d. 1937)
• 1899 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
• 1900 - Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
• 1903 - Vladimir Horowitz, Ukrainian-American pianist (d. 1989)
• 1904 - Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-born physicist (d. 1979)
• 1904 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian communist leader (d. 1977)
• 1909 - Maurice Bardèche, French fascist, (d. 1998)
• 1909 - Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles (d. 1998)
• 1910 - Fritz Köberle, Austrian-born physician (d. 1983)
• 1910 - José Enrique Moyal, Australian mathematical physicist (d. 1998)
• 1910 - Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (d. 1934)
• 1914 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
• 1920 - Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1921 - James Whitmore, American actor
• 1924 - Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1924 - William Rehnquist, 16th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005)
• 1925 - Bob Boyd (baseball player), American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1926 - Roger Williams (pianist), American pianist
• 1927 - Tom Bosley, American actor
• 1928 - Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (d. 1973)
• 1928 - George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1928 - Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (d. 1969)
• 1930 - Frank Gardner, Australian racing driver
• 1930 - Sir Richard Harris (actor), Irish actor (d. 2002)
• 1930 - Naimatullah Khan, Pakistani politician
• 1930 - Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006)
• 1931 - Sylvano Bussotti, Italian composer
• 1932 - Albert Collins, American guitarist (d. 1993)
• 1935 - Dame Julie Andrews, British actress and singer
• 1936 - Duncan Edwards, English footballer (d. 1958)
• 1936 - Stella Stevens, American actress
• 1939 - George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005)
• 1942 - Jean-Pierre Jabouille, French race car driver
• 1943 - Jean-Jacques Annaud, French film director
• 1943 - Angèle Arsenault, Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1943 - Jerry Martini, American saxophonist (Sly & the Family Stone)
• 1945 - Rod Carew, Panamanian-born baseball player
• 1945 - Donny Hathaway, American soul musician and composer (d. 1979)
• 1945 - Ellen McIlwaine, American singer/songwriter
• 1945 - Vladimir Sabich, American skier (d. 1976)
• 1946 - Tim O'Brien, American writer
• 1947 - Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist
• 1947 - Stephen Collins, American actor
• 1947 - Adriano Tilgher, Italian politician
• 1947 - Mariska Veres American singer (Shocking Blue) (d. 2006)
• 1948 - Cub Koda, American singer (Brownsville Station (band)) (d. 2000)
• 1949 - Isaac Bonewits, American author
• 1950 - Randy Quaid, American actor
• 1950 - Jeane Manson, American singer and actress
• 1952 - Jacques Martin (ice hockey), Canadian ice hockey coach and executive
• 1953 - John Hegley, British poet
• 1953 - Pete Falcone, American baseball player
• 1953 - Grete Waitz, Norwegian athlete
• 1954 - Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer
• 1955 - Duško Tadić, Bosnian Serb
• 1956 - Theresa May, British politician
• 1957 - Stelios Mainas, Greek actor
• 1958 - Masato Nakamura, Japanese musician
• 1959 - Youssou N'Dour, Senegalese singer
• 1961 - Gary Ablett, Australian rules footballer
• 1961 - Robert Rey, Brazilian-American plastic surgeon and television personality
• 1962 - Esai Morales, American actor
• 1963 - Jean-Denis Délétraz, Swiss race car driver
• 1963 - Mark McGwire, American baseball player
• 1964 - Harry Hill, British comedian
• 1964 - Max Matsuura, Japanese record producer
• 1964 - Jonathan Sarfati, Australian-born chess player, scientist, and author
• 1965 - Andreas Keller, German field hockey player
• 1965 - Cindy Margolis, American model and spokesmodel
• 1965 - Cliff Ronning, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 - Christopher Titus, American actor/comedian
• 1966 - George Weah, Liberian politician and footballer
• 1966 - José Ángel Ziganda, Spanish footballer
• 1967 - Scott Young (ice hockey), American ice hockey player
• 1967 - Mike Pringle (football player), American football player
• 1968 - Jon Guenther, American author
• 1968 - Rob Collard, British racing driver
• 1969 - Igor Ulanov, Russian hockey player
• 1969 - Ori Kaplan, Israeli jazz musician
• 1970 - Gam Wu-seong, South Korean actor
• 1970 - Simon Davey, Barnsley F.C. football manager
• 1970 - Alexei Zhamnov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 - Andrew O'Keefe, Australian television personality
• 1973 - Jana Henke, German swimmer
• 1973 - Rachid Chékhémani, French runner
• 1973 - John Thomson (pitcher), American baseball player
• 1974 - Mats Lindgren, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1974 - Keith Duffy, Irish singer (Boyzone) and actor
• 1975 - Chulpan Khamatova, Russian actress
• 1976 - Antonio Roybal, American painter and sculptor
• 1976 - Denis Gauthier, Canadian hockey player
• 1976 - Dora Venter, Hungarian pornographic film actress
• 1976 - Ümit Karan, Turkish footballer
• 1977 - Jeffrey van Hooydonk, Belgian race car driver
• 1978 - Andrew JC Jackson, Australian surf lifesaver
• 1978 - Leticia Cline, American model and TV Personality
• 1979 - Cameron Bruce, Australian rules footballer
• 1979 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
• 1979 - Gilberto Martínez, Costa Rican footballer
• 1979 - Marko Stanojevic, English-born Italian rugby union footballer
• 1981 - Júlio Baptista, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 - Johnny Oduya, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1981 - Arnau Riera, Spanish footballer
• 1982 - Haruna Babangida, Nigerian footballer
• 1982 - Sandra Oxenryd, Swedish singer
• 1983 - Mirko Vučinić, Montenegrin footballer
• 1984 - Matt Cain, American baseball player
• 1984 - Daniel Guillén Ruiz, Spanish footballer
• 1985 - Ryo Miyamori, Japanese singer
• 1986 - Jurnee Smollett, American actress
• 1986 - Sayaka Kanda, Japanese singer
• 1986 - Ricardo Vaz Té, Portuguese footballer

Deaths

• 959 - King Edwy of England
• 1040 - Alan III, Duke of Brittany (poisoned) (b. 997)
• 1189 - Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar
• 1310 - Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)
• 1404 - Pope Boniface IX (b. 1356)
• 1499 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
• 1500 - John Alcock (bishop), English Catholic bishop
• 1567 - Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508)
• 1570 - Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)
• 1574 - Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen, Dutch painter (b. 1498)
• 1578 - Don John of Austria, military leader (b. 1547)
• 1588 - Edward James (martyr), Catholic martyr
• 1609 - Gianmatteo Asola, Italian composer
• 1684 - Pierre Corneille, French author (b. 1606)
• 1693 - Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
• 1708 - John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
• 1768 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (b. 1687)
• 1837 - Robert Clark (US politician), American politician (b. 1777)
• 1838 - Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (b. 1768)
• 1864 - Rose Greenhow, American Confederate spy (b. 1817)
• 1876 - James Lick, California land baron (b. 1796)
• 1901 - Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan amir
• 1913 - Eugene O'Keefe, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1827)
• 1929 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861)
• 1955 - Charles Christie, American film studio owner (b. 1880)
• 1958 - Robert Falk, Russian painter (b. 1886)
• 1970 - Raoul Riganti, Argentine racing driver (b. 1893)
• 1974 - Spyridon Marinatos, Greek archaeologist (b. 1901)
• 1975 - Al Jackson, American drummer (Booker T. & the M.G.'s) (b. 1935)
• 1984 - Walter Alston, American baseball player and manager (b. 1911)
• 1985 - E. B. White, American author (b. 1899)
• 1988 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (b. 1897)
• 1990 - Curtis LeMay, American Air Force general (b. 1906)
• 1992 - Petra Kelly, German politician (b. 1947)
• 1994 - Paul Lorenzen, German philosopher (b. 1915)
• 1996 - Pat McGeown, Provisional Irish Republican Army member (b. 1956)
• 1997 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (b. 1923)
• 1998 - Pauline Julien, French Canadian singer (b. 1928)
• 2000 - Robert Allen (musicwriter), American pianist and songwriter (b. 1928)
• 2000 - Reginald Kray, British gangster (b. 1933)
• 2001 - Guy Beaulne, French Canadian actor and theatre director (b. 1921)
• 2002 - Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (b. 1908)
• 2004 - Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2004 - Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (b. 1946)
• 2006 - Jerald Tanner, American religious activist (b. 1938)
• 2006 - André Viger, French Canadian wheelchair marathoner (b. 1952)
• 2007 - Chris Mainwaring, Australian rules footballer (b. 1965)
• 2007 - Harry Lee, Sheriff of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (b. 1932)
• 2007 - Al Oerter, American athlete (b. 1936)
• 2007 - Ned Sherrin, English broadcaster, author and stage director (b. 1931)

Holidays and observances

• National Day of the People's Republic of China (1949)
• Holidays in Cyprus - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• Holidays in Nigeria - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• San Marino - two Captains Regent, elected by parliament, take office for six months.
• Tuvalu - Independence Day (from Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), 1975)
• French Republican Calendar - Barrel Day, tenth day in the Vendémiaire
• World Vegetarian Day
• Singapore - Children's Day
• World Health Organization - World Hepatitis Awareness Day
• Armenia - Teachers' Day
• Calendar of Saints - Feast days of Saint Thérèse de Lisieux; formerly of Saint Bavo, Saint Remigius and the Edward James (martyr)
• Also see October 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church - Patronage/Protection of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary, Mother of God) dating to 10th Century Constantinople, when she appeared holding her mantle over the faithful who were praying in a church during a military attack on the city. Second oldest Marian Feast in the Eastern Church.
• Abai (martyr) in the Syrian Church
• Abhai the general in the Syrian church

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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